Kidney failure treatment is not one-size-fits-all. Haemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis filter waste in different ways; a kidney transplant is another option for some people. Supportive care may also be part of a person's plan. The suitable choices depend on medical circumstances, availability, preferences and informed discussion with a kidney specialist.
This overview can help you prepare questions. It cannot determine which treatment is right for you.
Haemodialysis
Haemodialysis moves blood through a dialyser and back to the body. It is commonly delivered at a dialysis centre, although some settings support home haemodialysis after training and assessment. It requires vascular access and a prescribed schedule. Travel, time at the centre and recovery after treatment are practical considerations to discuss.
Peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis (PD) uses the lining of the abdomen, called the peritoneum, as a filter. Dialysis fluid enters the abdomen through a catheter and is later drained. Exchanges may be done manually during the day or with a machine overnight, depending on the plan and local availability.
PD requires training, supplies, a suitable home setup and attention to infection prevention. Ask about catheter placement, support outside clinic hours and what to do if fluid becomes cloudy or you feel unwell.
Kidney transplant
A transplant places a donor kidney into the recipient through surgery. It can offer a different routine from dialysis for eligible patients, but it requires assessment, an appropriate donor kidney and ongoing follow-up and medicines. A transplant team can explain expected benefits, risks, waiting arrangements and long-term care.
Supportive kidney care
Some people choose a plan focused on managing symptoms and quality of life without dialysis or transplant, sometimes called conservative or supportive kidney management. This is an active care approach that should include discussions about symptom support, goals, family involvement and what to expect.
How to compare options
Ask your kidney specialist to explain which options are medically suitable and locally available. Then discuss the likely schedule, procedures, travel, home support, impact on work and family, risks, costs and emergency contact arrangements. You can ask for time, a second discussion or a family member to join.
A treatment plan can change as health and circumstances change. Do not start, stop or switch kidney treatment based only on this article or another patient's experience.
